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Understanding Master Data Vs Transactional Data

In the EMS, it is crucial to distinguish between master data and transactional data, as they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics.

Master Data: This refers to the core, non-transactional data that is essential for the operations of the system. Master data remains relatively constant over time and includes key entities such as user details, employee records, product information, and customer profiles. It provides the foundational context and reference information needed for the system to function correctly. Master data enables and supports transactional data by providing consistent and accurate information.

Transactional Data: In contrast, transactional data records actions, events, and processes within the system. This type of data is dynamic and continuously generated as operations occur. Examples include sales transactions, order processing, financial entries, and any other activities that represent a business event. Transactional data relies on master data to ensure accurate and relevant information is captured during each transaction.

If master data already exists in a digital form, importing and maintaining it accurately becomes the first and most critical step towards a functional and efficient Enterprise Management System.

Practical Example: HR

In the context of Human Resources (HR), consider the following example:

  • Master Data: Employee records. This includes detailed information such as employee ID, name, contact details, job title, department, hire date, and salary information. These records form the core database of employees and are relatively static, only updated when there are changes such as promotions, salary adjustments, or personal information updates.

  • Transactional Data: Payroll transactions. Each payroll cycle generates transactional data, such as salary payments, bonuses, deductions, and tax withholdings. This data is recorded as actions and events occurring over time, reflecting the payment activities and financial transactions related to each employee.

Accurate master data is crucial for the effective operation of the EMS. It serves as the foundational layer that all transactional data depends on, ensuring consistency, reliability, and accuracy across all system processes.


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